Incredible British and French Revolution - 1701 Words

Introduction The middle of the sixteenth century through the eighteenth century was the beginning of Europe’s two incredible revolutions which are the British and French Revolutions. The British Revolution is very different from the French Revolution. Many different events and issues led up to the British and French Revolutions that make them different from one another. For example the primary factor that led to the British Revolution was the power of religion. While, the French Revolution was based upon feudalism as well as the inequality of the third estate. There are many different aspects of the British and French Revolutions that make one stand out from the other and together they are both marked as important events that occurred in European history. Background of the British Revolution In order to depict the differences between the British Revolution and French Revolution it is important to understand the background information and why the British Revolution occurred . The British Revolution occurred in England from 1640 to1660. Author Michael Richard’s explains the origins of the British Revolution by showing that â€Å"The policies followed by Charles I and his advisors in the 1620’s particularly in the arena of foreign affairs produced some tension and opposition.† In other words, the people in England were unhappy with King Charles I and the policies he was enforcing. Another circumstance that occurred in the British Revolution was the consent ofShow MoreRelatedThe American Revolution And The French Revolution1673 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Revolution and the French Revolution marked a change in history for both nations. The American Revolution led to freedom and also their rise to power as their own nation. However the French Revolution marked a change in their government for the worse. Both nations fought to remove the corruption of the monarchy. With the same general idea both nations sought to better themsel ves. Though both were revolutions one nation really captured what they were fighting for. The war did not officiallyRead MoreAmerican Revolution - Analytical Paper900 Words   |  4 PagesAnalitical Paper – American Revolution The American Revolution, which is discussed in Chapter four of Crosscurrents in American Culture, was led by several factors, indicated throughout chapter four and described in form of primary sources. Using these primary sources, paraphrasing and summarizing the events I will declare, analyze and interpret why these events lead to the eventual occurrence of the American Revolution and how the Revolution effected the new and existing nations. Firstly,Read MoreAnalysis of William M Thayers A Biography of George Washington: The Patriot President691 Words   |  3 Pagesthat Washington displayed while fighting in the American Revolution and during his two terms as President. 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It was an upheaval which changed English, European, and American culture down to its extremelyRead MoreCauses of the French Revolution Essay1137 Words   |  5 PagesAnalyze the various causes of the French Revolution. Include social, economic and ideological factors Just as any story has a climax; one can deduce that the 17th and 18th centuries were the turning point for most of European history; however, different places experienced this change in different ways. As the previous discoveries and inventions were made by remarkable scientists like Galileo, the Enlightenment was the next logical step in the era. As incredible philosophers like Jean- Jacques RousseauRead MoreJean Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert Motier882 Words   |  4 Pagesmajor General in the United States continental army. Lafayette had developed a strong relationship with George Washington, creating a friendship that would last a lifetime. He undeniably was a key component in securing the victory of the American Revolution. 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About 15,000 colonial militiamen sieged Boston to keep the British from attacking by means of land. Greene’s contribution to the Siege moved George Washington, military general and first president of the later United States. Washington later granted Greene control of Boston for the incredible feat. Greene became very ill soon after, however, preventing him from fighting for about two years. Soon after, Greene rose throughRead MoreEssay on Slavery In Illinois1556 Words   |  7 Pagesthe time it ended. The paper also contains a well-opinionated reaction about slavery, how it is different from today. The Civil War Period has always been the primary hub of teaching in any American History classes. The era between the American Revolution and the Civil War was of a great importance since it has been the best and worst part of the western civilization during those times. The limelight was theirs when we turn back the pages of history. 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Channel Conflict When Adding Internet Channel on Existing...

Channel conflict when adding the Internet as a complementary marketing channel to an existing marketing channel system. A case study of a Greek mobile telecom retailer. by GEORGIA EFROSSINIDOU carried out in conjunction with WIND Hellas Telecommunications, Leicester October 2009 Project submitted to Leicester University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration. CONTENTS Page Acknowledgments Executive Summary Introduction Internet as a marketing channel Multi-channel system Research problem Research question one Research question two Research question three Research question four Delimitations Literature review Benefits from multi-channel retailing Challenges of a†¦show more content†¦Resistance by both channel members has been when bringing up the subjects of dissimilar products’ pricing; of disproportionate allocation of budget across channels as well inconsistent rewarding systems between channels’ staff. Illogical and unfair pricing structures and unsynchronized cross channel marketing are examples of conflict impacts. Moreover, we traced that coalitions consider conflict as functional and that it can work as a â€Å"stimulant† in the sense that it can be a vehicle for organizational growth and creativity. Proposed diminution of any conflicts was raised in the study such as improved communication, channelsà ¢â‚¬â„¢ integration like cross-promotional strategies and compatibility between operations. Finally, some areas have been identified for future research consideration. page -4- 1 Introduction 1.1 Internet as a marketing channel When e-commerce first boomed in mid 90’s, retailers were warned that the age of connectivity (â€Å"clicks†) would put traditional retailers (â€Å"bricks and mortar†) out of business (Berman Evans, 2007:9). Store based retailers faced the challenge of adapting to a new set of competitive rules made necessary by the advent of online sales (Bendoly et al, 2005). Through the year the retail market became even more competitive and complex. Retailers faced aShow MoreRelatedDesigning and Managing Integrated Marketing Channels3538 Words   |  15 PagesChapter 15: Designing and Managing Integrated Marketing Channels GENERAL CONCEPT QUESTIONS Multiple Choice 1. Intermediaries who buy, take title to, and resell the merchandise are called ________. 2. Companies that search for customers and may negotiate on the producer’s behalf but do not take title to the goods are called ________. 3. Transportation companies, independent warehouses, banks, and advertising agencies that assist in the distribution process but neither take title to goods norRead MoreDesigning and Managing Integrated Marketing Channels3547 Words   |  15 PagesChapter 15: Designing and Managing Integrated Marketing Channels GENERAL CONCEPT QUESTIONS Multiple Choice 1. Intermediaries who buy, take title to, and resell the merchandise are called ________. 2. Companies that search for customers and may negotiate on the producer’s behalf but do not take title to the goods are called ________. 3. Transportation companies, independent warehouses, banks, and advertising agencies that assist in the distribution process but neither take titleRead MoreImpact of Direct/Online Selling on Traditional Channels3291 Words   |  14 Pagesinformation technology. Internet has brought revolution in every sphere of life. It has changed the way of our thinking, working and living. Last decade of 20th century witnessed major market players leaping to cash the dividends of this breakthrough. All major companies of the world are now utilizing the internet as an alternative channel for promotion and selling of their products. This paper critically analyzes the impacts of this transformation on the traditional channels and customers therebyRead MoreSlotting Fee2177 Words   |  9 Pagessociety. (Jobber, 2007). ANSWER TO QUESTION ONE Ethical dilemma has increased in goods as DISTRIBUTION is now seen as a means of competitive advantage because most large retailers seek to expand its operations. Slotting allowance is the payment made by manufacturers to RETAILERS in other to secure a space on store shelves Andrews, 2000 noted that it is very observable to see some items like Kellogg’s, Colgate, Doritos placed at the top eye level in a supermarket or at end of aisle. ThisRead MoreStudy Quiz for Chapter 15 Kotler8303 Words   |  34 PagesChapter 15: Designing and Managing Value Networks and Channels GENERAL CONCEPT QUESTIONS Multiple Choice 1. Intermediaries who buy, take title to, and resell the merchandise are called ________. a. retailers b. facilitators c. marketers d. agents e. merchants Answer: e Page: 468 Level of difficulty: Easy 2. Companies that search for customers and may negotiate on the producer’s behalf but do not take title to the goods are called ________Read MoreNike Marketing Plan Essay1675 Words   |  7 Pagescompany was renamed to Nike, the name adopted from the Greek goddess of victory. At present, Nike owns facilities in Oregon, Tennessee, North Carolina and The Netherlands. It also operates leased facilities for 15 Nike-towns, over 80 Nike Factory Stores, 2 NIKEgoddess boutiques and over 100 sales and administrative offices. There are approximately 23,000 people employed by the Nike, worldwide. The companys first year sales did not cross $ 10,000 however, its present revenues exceed well over $ 10Read MoreStihl Case Study Essay2065 Words   |  9 Pages1. Was the decision to avoid the home-center channel a good one? Explain. What are the benefits of sticking with it? What are the concerns? The decision to avoid the home-center channel was an appropriate decision for Stihl Incorporated (Stihl). Stihl’s product line consists of a high quality line of outdoor power equipment: chain saws, edgers, string trimmers, brush cutters, blowers, vacuums, mulchers, and sprayers. In order to differentiate Stihl’s high quality products from its competitorsRead MoreDistribution Management7515 Words   |  31 PagesDISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT       CH1: MARKETING CHANNEL CONCEPTS    Growing Importance of Marketing Channels:    1. Explosion of IT and E-commerce 2. Harder to gain sustainable competitive advantage through other P’s 3. Growing power of distributors (esp. retailers who act as gatekeepers of consumer markets – agents of consumers not producers) 4. Need to reduce distribution costs    MC Definition:    The external contactual organisation that management operates to achieve its distributionRead Moremkt311 tb chap1517319 Words   |  70 PagesTrue  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  False    2. Retailers who advertise that they sell at wholesale prices are wholesalers.      True  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  False    3. Today, large retailers often dictate to their suppliers what should be made.      True  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  False    4. Many retailers and some manufacturers are exploring a multichannel strategy in which they sell in more than one channel, for example, the Internet and stores.      True  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  False    5. Manufacturers might use selective distribution by granting exclusive geographic territories to a few retailers so noRead MoreSwiss Army Case Study10155 Words   |  41 PagesSwiss Army is an illustration of a company that has developed by basing its product expansion on established brand equity. The brand has its roots in its history of knife development from the 1800s. The knife became wildly accepted in the United States when soldiers brought the knives back at the end of World War II. Swiss Army has a strong worldwide reputation built on quality and reliability with 92% brand awareness in the United States alone. Leveraging the success of the knife, the company expanded

Post-Industrialism, Summary Free Essays

The sense of economic transformation within the western industrial economies had been present since the 1970s. Some say we are entering into a post-industrial era. That is, leaving behind the the world of industrialism and its imagery – the factories, the heavy machinery and overalled men. We will write a custom essay sample on Post-Industrialism, Summary or any similar topic only for you Order Now Others say we are looking at one specific form of industry disappearing – that of mass production, a Fordist manufacture.Neo – or post-Fordist society (as another discourse), is all together a different kind of economy; one which is organized around flexible forms of production, which is becoming important as a means of responding to the greater diversity of consumer demand and fragmented market tastes. To put it simply, it is a change from a ‘mass’ to a ‘pluralistic’ kind of society. Economies are always in a state of change, but they are less often in the midst of a radical shift in the direction of the economy.What characterizes this radical shift is firstly in its interconnected nature of such changes, what happens in one part of the economy effects upon the rest of the economy. Secondly it implies that a different set of dynamics is driving an economy. For instance, with the rise of post-industrialism, it is claimed that a new kind of dyn amic – the generation of knowledge and the control of information, has displaced the dynamics of manufacturing technologies and the making of things. In this article it introduces 4 main theorists and their characterization of this radical shift of the economy. Post-Industrial SocietyThe idea of a post-industrial society first took hold in the US in the 1960s. Daniel Bell clearly outlined the nature of this transition. He adopted a ‘stages’ model of development which identified three phases of economic progress: a pre-industrial – dominated by agriculture, an industrial – manufacturing and a post-industrial, that he suggests we have entered is dominated by services. According to Bell, the general direction of economic change is towards a service economy. He also suggests the concept of ‘axial principles’ which refers to the mechanisms or dynamics that give shape to an economy.In a post-industrial society, knowledge and information is the driving force that stimulate economic growth, it also takes the form of a final product – reams of information. Bell also pointed out the consequences of this new economic dynamic. 1. 1. Shift in the kinds of work that people do. From manual, manufacturing jobs to non-manual work in the service sector, where people no longer work upon things but work with each other to deliver a service. 2. 2. Shift in the occupational structure as manual jobs give way to white-collar and professional occupations. Skills and physical work requiring strength -gt; ‘think’ work. . 3. The emergence of a new class, the knowledge elites. As knowledge and information are the key sources of a post-industrial society, and they are the ones who control those resources. The intellectual work would be specialized, the new hierarchies of technical elites will be formed alongside the increased professionalization of work and the bureaucratization of ‘think’ work. Alain Touraine also discussed about the post-industrialism. Like Bell, he also gave central place to the control of knowledge and information and identified the agents of change, the ones with control of knowledge as a ‘technocracy’.However at this point, they differ in their treatment of social conflict. In Touraine’s analysis, there will be a new social divide between technocrats and bureaucrats on one hand, and a range of social groups such as workers, students and consumers on the other hand. This division is because the principal opposition between social group is no longer stem from the ownership and control of private property, but from access to information and its uses. So, the dominant class would have power over the livelihood and lifestyle, not only in the sphere of economic production.Because of this, the social conflict and the social movement in post-industrial society will also be changed to that they are not so related to industry or particular m aterial needs. New types of social movements such as environmental and feminist movements that are beyond the class politics will take form. Whereas Touraine sees post-industrial society as a setting in which the lack of power among certain social groups provides a basis for new lines of social resistance, Bell identifies a contradiction between the economic and the cultural realms of post-industrialism.While there is still a protestant work ethic, the committed, hard working spirit which also focused on economic efficiency, Bell points out that this is now at odds with the desire for a more hedonistic lifestyle, supported by overall material sufficiency, and the new emerging culturally expressive, individualistic lifestyle of the post-modern culture. The Information Society Daniel Bell is again, a key contributor to the debate of information society, saying that this is a recent expression of post-industrial society.He claimed that the information society rested upon a knowledge theory of value. This means that knowledge has replaced productive labour as the source of value that creates future profits. Here, knowledge and its application is the resource, and this is integrated with the adoption of new information technologies which can reshape the ways we consume and produce, as well as where we perform these activities. However for Bell, information is regarded more than a resource but also a commodity which can be bought and sold in the market.This leads to the emergence of information occupations – consisting of professional, technical workers concerned with the production, processing and distribution of information. Manuel Castells also draws his opinion on the information-based society. But he argues that information society is not necessarily matching with post-industrial society which the manufacturing sector is being replaced by the service sector. Rather, he identifies the role of knowledge and use of information as the ‘dynamics’ of the coming society. Knowledge, is both the base of production and the outcome of production.That means knowledge, as a resource and commodity in its own right, is a central means of improving economic performance and intensifies the process of economic innovation. Castells also identified the role of the new technologies enabling multinational companies to operate in new ways. The development of communication technologies, management system and technologies of production gave them opportunities to work in a more ‘footloose’ way. They joined multiple networks with other companies which enabled them to develop products jointly or serve specific markets.What Castells saw here was the concentration of power (information) among a knowledge elite in the corporations. Where, on the one hand, automation of low-skilled jobs especially among the workforce in maufacturing was undergoing. In other words, he distinguished a trend towards the polarization and segmentation of the social structure. The Divided Society Andre Gorz defined the change in the structure of employment and the change in the role of work in the post-industrial society. He claimed that there is a social division of secure, well-paid workers and a growing mass of the unemployed.In between them are the new post-industiral working class whom the work is no longer meaningful nor of any identity. In his view, the source of the problem is the emergence of new technologies that brought about automation at the workplace. It left the people with no jobs, creating ‘jobless growth’. If this continues, it would decrease the quality of the remaining working class jobs even more. Work in this sense, is just an instrumental activity for the majority. To earn money but with no satisfaction or content. Here we see a similar picture with that of Castells’s, the segmentation of the workforce.A privileged minority who obtains and controls the information and a casualized and marginalized majority of the working class. Gorz identifies this vision by referring to a society polarized between an emergent ‘servile’ class and a securely employed, professional class. The economic elites can now purchase at low cost the services that they’ve been capable of doing by themselves in the past such as domestic work. So the working class moves in to this service sector to ‘serve’ the economic elites. Their jobs – the new service jobs, lack dignity and are often not even considered as real jobs.And this line of argument by Gorz thus stresses a growing social inequality as a marking feature of post-industrialism. Conclusion ; Summary Despite the different aspects that these writers each concentrated on, they agree on the fact that post-industrialism signals a number of distinguishing changes. Shift away from industrialism, a shift in the number of manufacturing economies to a service base. The growth of new occupations leading the economy, the white collar, professionals also categorized as knowledge elites. Gorz puts an emphasis here, on the fate of a deskilled working class forced to serve these elites.And the social and economic polarization that is also part of the general direction of the change. Lastly the shift in the types of social movements. From the attention on industrial forms of class politics to something beyond what we call class politics. Such as the green movement. If we refer to the beginning again, we can see it is not just a change, but a radical shift of the economy – the interconnected nature and changes in the dynamics of the economy. In this case, what all 4 writers agree on is that information and knowledge has become the dynamics, the driving force of our economy. How to cite Post-Industrialism, Summary, Papers

Sustainability Analysis and Product Development

Question: Discuss about the Sustainability Analysis and Product Development. Answer: Introduction The tourism industry has developed in past two decades worldwide and is one of the largest and fastest growing industries. The activities in this industry are growing very rapidly as there is a huge scope in this industry. The growth taking place in this industry is providing a huge economic development. The growth is also taking place in the foreign exchange, development, growth, infrastructure, balance of payment, economy, etc. there are many limitations due to which the Australia tourism is not growing on a large scale. In this report, all the discussions will takes place on the issues and problems faced by Australia tourism. The industry is trying hard to expand their business to international markets. But it is not a single industry; it is combined with many other industries like hotel industry, hospitality industry, transportation sector of the country, etc. (Anderson, 2006). According to the world travel and tourism council, the growth that takes place in the year 2004 was around 214.7 million which is such an impressive number and this number has grown to a large extent in the year 2015 that is 489.1 million. The tourism industry of Australia provides a huge number of employment opportunities to the people. The tourism industry of Australia plays a vital role in the development and growth of the economy. It is one of the major savings and revenues for the government of Australia. Here are many ups and downs in this industry but still the tourism industry is contributing to a large number for the economy of Australia (Butler, Hinch, 2007). Application of the sustainability principles to the construction or development of a tourism product It is well defined that the sustainability has a huge impact on the tourism industry. The word tourism states that sustainable tourism is type of tourism which is related to the management of all the natural and other resources in a way that can not harm any cultural integrity, ecological process, biological diversity, and life support system. The main motive of sustainability is to bring development in the tourism industry according to the future perspective and future generation (Blackstock, 2005). The strategies and principle of the sustainability tourism are Carrying capacity and also the multi use of the resource Both of the concepts are very important in the growth and development of tourism industry. Carrying capacity states those both manmade and natural resources have limits to use them. This says that a country cannot over use the man-made as well as natural resources harshly. Multiple use refers to use of resource is such a way that they can be reused in the future. It is related to supply and recreation of natural and manmade resources. For example- there are some resources that can be used again like land; forest can be created again, etc. (Getz, 2008) Conservation and preservation Conservation states that there must be planned use of all the natural resources so that there will be no harm to the same. Conservation is directly related to the natural resources. The government and tourism department of Australia introduced many policies and strategies regarding the conservation and preservation of the natural resources (Deery, Jago, 2009). Some other sustainability principles for development of tourism product are: There must be rehabilitation of the historic and existing buildings There must be transformation of the old building to the new buildings There must be conservation of natural resources There must be an introduction of planning procedures and also control centre There must be good management of the natural resources and environment All potential impacts environmental, social, political and economic Environmental Impact The environment has a huge impact on the development and growth of tourism industry of Australia. This could affect the business organizations that are dealing with tourism industry. Each and every tourism development has a consideration in the natural resources. It can be impact on the wildlife, natural resources, or culture of a country. The fact is that there must be sustainability in the tourism industry so that it cannot harm the tourism industry as well as natural resources. In this way, sustainable development in the tourism industry helps in positive development and protects the environment. Environment is the most crucial and effective impact on the tourism industry. It is not only for the Australian tourism but also for the other countrys tourism. There is a direct relation between the environment and tourism industry (Dwyer, et.al. 2009). In this way, it becomes difficult to impose plans, plan, policy, and project and propose mitigation actions on the tourism industry and its growth. The tourism industry has to focus on the above written issues that can be generated in the development of tourism industry. It becomes very difficult to impose plans and projects because there are various penalties that can be imposed if the natural resource and environment get affected due to the development of tourism industry (Woodside, Martin, 2008). Socio-Cultural Impact Tourism industry of Australia is facing many impacts due to socio- culture in some particular areas. These impacts are related to the culture and religious strength of the country. The host community of Australia is important part of the tourism industry of Australia. It can also be affected due to the living standard, life styles of the people living in Australia. The people of Australia do not want to impact their life due to the development of tourist destinations (Higgins, 2006). The social culture has also some positive impact on the tourism industry of Australia as they are equally influenced by the tourist and visitors. For example the living standards of the people of that country may rise due to employment opportunity, infrastructure, education, health care, income, etc. (Gooroochurn, Sugiyarto, 2005) It can be done through conservation o natural resource and heritage of the country, the plans must be imposed on the development of culture of the country. There must be social events that promote the soico-culture of Australia. There are some areas that must be revived through development available in the Australian tourism (Weaver, 2008). Political Impact The political instability creates a huge and negative impact on the development and growth of tourism industry. There are many affects that a political factor provides to the tourism of Australia. The instability in the political condition of Australia leads in decrease in the number of tourist. The attractiveness of the tourist industry is related to the politics of a particular region. If the country is safe and secure for the tourist, they get attracted towards the same. There is a direct relation between the politics and growth of tourism (Ko, 2005). Economic Impact The economy and economic conditions of a country like Australia has a strong impact on the tourism industry. It is observed that development in the tourist industry brings prosperity in the country. The food and beverage sectors, accommodations, hotels, retail sectors, recreation, entertainment sector, transportation etc, all are influenced by the tourism industry of Australia. The tourists have both direct and indirect impact on the economy of the country. It can be on the wages, salary, jobs, taxes, etc. Besides, all above there are various negative impact of the economy on the tourism sector. There are many plan laid by the government but they cannot be imposed due to the negative impacts (Wang, 2009). Community Collaboration Activities (community engagement) The communities of Australia are very much engaged in the growth and development of the tourist destination of Australia. They frame new plans and polices so that there is a growth in the tourism industry of Australia. It is observed that this country and its population are deeply attached with the tourism industry of the country. This is due to the fact that the major part of the income generation is takes place from the tourist sector of Australia (Laws, Prideaux, Chon, 2006). There are various activities performed by the Australia community to enhance the Australia tourism industry. The local communities of Australia contributed in performing the new and innovation plans set by the government of Australia. They contribute and help by maintain the natural resources. There are various plans framed by the Australian government like national landscape program work, experience development strategy, etc. which is a funding program. The programs focus on the generation of the funds that can help in the development of destinations (Lim, McAleer, 2005). Sustainability Plan An action plan for the development and growth of the tourism industry: There must be Promotion and advertisement of the destinations at national, regional and community levels. The development of destinations with the natural plan and according to the cultural environment takes place. It can be achieved through education, training, development and training programs. There must be development of tourism strategies plans that help in the promotion of environmentally, socially, culturally, and economically development. There must be management of strategic plans to safeguard the health authorities, security service, tourism operators, etc. these should be a well managed security system for the tourist like place, and safety guards (Leiper, 2008). The services provided to the tourist must be effective and good. The government of Australia should develop, adopt, and implement, the rules and regulation s to promote the responsibilities of the people of Australia. There are many bodies of government that collaborated with the private sectors and also with the local communities to formulate the criteria for the development of natural resources. The local communities now design and layout plans related to the tourist destinations. The elaborate the impact of environment and study the positive changes that can be made on the destinations. They impose duties and responsibilities to the people of Australia to suggest the changes that can be made to the famous destinations of Australia (Mansfeld, Pizam, 2006). The main focus of Australian government is on the promotion of sustainable development of tourism industry which will have positive impact. For this the government can combine with the: Technical support from the local communities Conduct research on the other countries who are in sustainable development Creating an information system Improvement in the infrastructure Implications of Host/Guest Relationship The host-guest relationship refers to a deep relation between the socio-cultural and different aspect of the tourism. This relationship establishes an effective and positive relation between the two parties and also brings trust and understating among the both. The tourism industry is achieving new targets in the market of tourism of entire world. There are four stages through which the host guest relations are passed that are through euphoria, through apathy and irritation to antagonism. In this way, by passing through all these four stages, the tourism of Australia perceived their costs (Martinez, 2005). According to this relationship, there is a particular lifecycle that is run through the tourism industry. The implication of this cycle leads to have clear results of the cost incurred in the destinations and also the revenues and profits earned by the particular destination of tourism. Stakeholder Analysis The stakeholders analysis refers to a situation in which a conflict resolution, management of project, business administration, etc. takes place. It is process to identify the groups and individuals who are directly or indirectly affects or may affected by the proposed actions plans of the tourism industry. The next step is to sort them out according to the impact of the actions or any future impact that will influence them. In other word, the stake holders are the people or group of people that may affect by the action and proposed plans of tourism industry. These types of analysis are takes place frequently (Tovar, Lockwood, 2008). There are various types of stakeholders of Australia tourism like primary stakeholders that are ultimately affected by the proposed plans and actions takes place in tourism. Stake holders can b national governments, local government, who have some specific competence in the tourism, tourism establishments, tourism enterprise institutions engaged, financing team, etc. The affect can be either negative or positive. The second type of secondary stakeholders is the intermediaries who are the people or group of people or organizations who may affect indirectly due to proposed plans. The third types of stake holders are key stakeholders who can belong to either first group or second group and they have an efficient and significant influence on the organization (Shackley, 2009). Development of Tourism Product The product development for the tourism industry of Australia refers to increase in the focus of provisions of experiences, development of destinations, services of tourism and infrastructures, etc. that help the tourist department to fulfill the needs and wants of the tourist that come to Australia. The main motive of product development refers to create value for the customers. It can be done through effective management of the tourist department and destinations (Moutinho, 2011). There must be sustainable development takes place in the tourism industry. It is related to the protection of the natural environment and the culture of the country. There must be focus on the pollution and other factors that create a negative impact on the environment of the country. There must be development of hotels and restaurants to attract a huge group of tourist from all over the world. Product development also mean to develop the other related factors to tourism like hotels, travel agencies, transportation infrastructure of the country, etc. (Theobald, 2005) In this way, by using such techniques, the Australia tourism can be developed that results in product development of the organizations. This will result in number of tourist, revenues, export, foreign exchanges, name and fame in the international markets of tourism, profits, employement opportunities, etc. (Ng, Lee, Soutar, 2007) Conclusion At last a conclusion of the present report is that the tourism industry of Australia is very effective and efficient. The plans laid out by the Australia tourism government are very successful and promoting the tourism industry to the entire world. Though, there are many problems faced by the tourism industry of Australia like social, economic, cultural, political, etc. still than the industry is trying hard to maintain their tourism destinations. There are various sustainability plans framed by the government of Australia. The results of those plans are very impactful on the tourist industry. Most of the population of Australia is involved in the tourism industry, they are earning good amount of income and revenues due to this industry. The tourism industry of Australia is very powerful in making new and innovative changes. They innovations reflect that the needs and wants of the customers are fulfilling who came to visit the Australian destinations. The strong economy of Australia is generated by employment opportunities, foreign exchange, income and tax revenues to the government and people of Australia. So it is clear that the tourism sector is one of the most internationalized and globalized sector of the worlds economy. There is an expansion in the world tourism market that is directly influencing the tourism market of Australia and adding considerably to the growth and potential development. It is also bringing a great competition between the various tourism countries. References Anderson, B. A. (2006). Crisis management in the Australian tourism industry: Preparedness, personnel and postscript.Tourism Management,27(6), 1290-1297. Blackstock, K. (2005). A critical look at community based tourism.Community Development Journal,40(1), 39-49. Butler, R., Hinch, T. (2007).Tourism and indigenous peoples: Issues and implications. Routledge. Deery, M., Jago, L. (2009). A framework for work-life balance practices: Addressing the needs of the tourism industry.Tourism and Hospitality Research,9(2), 97-108. Dwyer, L., Edwards, D., Mistilis, N., Roman, C., Scott, N. (2009). Destination and enterprise management for a tourism future.Tourism management,30(1), 63-74. Getz, D. (2008). Event tourism: Definition, evolution, and research.Tourism management,29(3), 403-428. Gooroochurn, N., Sugiyarto, G. (2005). Competitiveness indicators in the travel and tourism industry.Tourism Economics,11(1), 25-43. Higgins-Desbiolles, F. (2006). More than an industry: The forgotten power of tourism as a social force.Tourism management,27(6), 1192-1208. Ko, T. G. (2005). Development of a tourism sustainability assessment procedure: a conceptual approach.Tourism management,26(3), 431-445. Laws, E., Prideaux, B., Chon, K. S. (Eds.). (2006).Crisis management in tourism. Cabi. Leiper, N. (2008). Why the tourism industryis misleading as a generic expression: The case for the plural variation,tourism industries.Tourism Management,29(2), 237-251. Lim, C., McAleer, M. (2005). Ecologically sustainable tourism management.Environmental Modelling Software,20(11), 1431-1438. Mansfeld, Y., Pizam, A. (Eds.). (2006).Tourism, security and safety. Routledge. Martinez-Fernandez, M. C., Martinez-Fernandez, M. C. (2005).Knowledge-Intensive Service Activities (KISA) in innovation of the tourism industry in Australia. University of Western Sydney. Moutinho, L. (Ed.). (2011).Strategic management in tourism. Cabi. Ng, S. I., Lee, J. A., Soutar, G. N. (2007). Tourists intention to visit a country: The impact of cultural distance.Tourism Management,28(6), 1497-1506. Shackley, M. (2009).Visitor management. Routledge. Theobald, W. F. (Ed.). (2005).Global tourism. Routledge. Tovar, C., Lockwood, M. (2008). Social impacts of tourism: An Australian regional case study.International journal of tourism research,10(4), 365-378. Wang, Y. S. (2009). The impact of crisis events and macroeconomic activity on Taiwan's international inbound tourism demand.Tourism Management,30(1), 75-82. Weaver, D. B. (2008).Ecotourism. https://au. wiley. com/WileyCDA/. Woodside, A. G., Martin, D. (Eds.). (2008).Tourism management: analysis, behaviour and strategy. Cabi.

Things They Carried Reactions free essay sample

The Things They Carried Close Reading p. 1-26 Pages 3 and 4: So many items being carried†¦ what is the purpose? Quote(s): â€Å"Kiowa also carried his grandmothers distrust for the white man†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Pg. 3) â€Å"†¦The poncho weighed almost 2 pounds, but it was worth every ounce† (pg. 3) Meaningful words/ phrases: pounds, weighed, grunts, Kodacolor, Bonnie and Clyde Overall meaning/ author’s purpose: The soldiers do not only carry material goods, they also carry emotions. Such is Kiowa’s distrust for the white man, as well as fear, anxiety, resentment and hope. The author is trying to show that the men carry more than just material goods. Personal reaction/ insight: I thought the list of items was extensive, like reading an intense shopping list. Carrying all that gear must be overwhelming on long treks into the jungle. -Pages 6 and 7, 11-13 Ted Lavenders death Quote(s): â€Å"It was like watching a big rock fall, or a big sandbag or something- just boom, then down† (pg. We will write a custom essay sample on Things They Carried Reactions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 6) â€Å"Kiowa kept explaining how you had to be there, how fast it was†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Pg. 13) Meaningful words/phrases: superstition, boom-down, moral, thumb, tunnel Overall meaning/ author’s purpose: Kiowa is in shock of Ted’s death, he’s not used to seeing someone dying in real life. He is curious at how it’s so fast and anticlimactic. The author shows here how these kids are alien to a world where their friends drop over dead like sand bags. Personal reaction/ insight: I have a feeling Kiowa is going to be very dramatized later in the story, although appearing fine in this passage. Page 13 and top of 14: conversation between Mitchell Sanders and Henry Dobbins Quote(s): â€Å"You want my opinion, Mitchell Sanders said, there’s a definite moral here. † (Pg. 13) â€Å"I don’t see no moral† (pg. 4) Meaningful words/ phrases: moral, pebble, blood, Paladin, gift, superstition Overall meaning/ author’s purpose: Mitchell Sanders bizarrely tries to teach a lesson in morals by using the example of a dead Vietnamese boy. Henry Dobbins is confused/frustrated at what moral Mitchell Sanders is trying to teach. The authors purpose is to show the bizarreness and frustration of the war. Personal reaction/ insight: I thought the cutting of the boys thumb was a bit gory/ unnecessary. I feel the same way as Henry Dobbins does, I’m confused at what point Mitchell Sanders is trying to make. Pages 19-23 stage presence, odd behavior, etc. Quote(s): â€Å"For the most part they carry themselves with poise, a kind of dignity† (p. 19) â€Å"They would repair the leaks in their eyes† (p. 19) Meaningful words/ phrases: dignity, sobbed, awkwardly, shame, hard vocabulary, zapped while zip-ping. Overall meaning/ author’s purpose: The author shows how the boys in Vietnam were putting on a show for each other. While trying to appear tough on the outside they were really terrified for their lives on the inside. They were not accustomed to such a harsh dangerous environment. So they would use humor, and hard vocabulary to lighten up harsh situations. Personal reaction/ insight: I can relate to this passage a lot. I often use humor to deflect many serious situations. However I find it hard to imagine being put into an environment like Vietnam without losing your cool, and defecating your pants. -Pages 23-26: the new Lt. Jimmy Cross Quote(s): â€Å"Jimmy Cross crouched at the bottom of his foxhole and burned Martha’s letters† (p. 23) â€Å"It was very sad, he thought. The things men carried inside. † (p. 25) Meaningful words/ phrases: letters burn the blame, duties, laxity, daydreams Overall meaning/ author’s purpose: Jimmy feels personally responsible for Lavenders death. He feels like if he wasn’t daydreaming about Martha he could’ve saved his life. He Burns Martha’s photographs, but cannot burn the blame he feels about Lavenders death. The author shows the fish out of water-ness of Jimmy, how he is not meant to be in a war, instead he should be back in NJ doing teenager things instead of playing army guy. Personal reaction/ insight: I feel for Jimmy, however I do not believe that it was his fault at all. I can understand how he feels guilty.

The Gift of Love †Creative Writing Essay

The Gift of Love – Creative Writing Essay Free Online Research Papers The Gift of Love Creative Writing Essay The feeling has been known since the beginning of time, and the warning signs have most likely never evolved. They include the heart rising to the throat, inability to catch one’s breath, blood rushing to the cheeks, and the sudden loss of any linguistic capabilities. Yet these are fleeting symptoms, so they cannot really indicate if one is experiencing a visit from that mysterious and elusive character named romantic love. As powerful as the physical onslaught of lust appears, true love is a phenomena that requires the use of one’s time, thought and energy. To love is to unselfishly be faithful to one’s own feelings for another individual. Loving is not seeking personal gain, but hoping to better the life of the other person by becoming a part of it. Love is severely complex because it requires those who seek it to give up a part of themselves to another, without regard to the personal risks that they are taking through this action. It is this type of dangerous but true love that is exhibited in Camus’ Black Orpheus (1958), which is based on the famous myth of two lovers. In this film, a true and profound love is demonstrated by Orpheus and Eurydice because of these characters’ unselfish motives and commitment to their emotions. From the beginning of the movie, Orpheus’ history of love proves him to be a philanderer who has never been serious about a woman, and who does not know how to love truly. He has recently become engaged to Mira, the biggest flirt in town, and this is not a poor match. Orpheus himself is a flatterer and a flirt who constructs enchanting phrases when he composes his famous music. His tendency to charm comes across in the scene where he first encounters Eurydice at the trolley station. He playfully inquires where she is off to and flatters her appearance. Because Orpheus has had such experience with women and relationships, one would not expect him to be able to settle down and have a woman suppress his philandering manner. Evidently, Orpheus’ fiancà © has not tamed him, as he tries to flirt with Eurydice when he meets her. The way Orpheus reacts to love can be interpreted as selfish. His meddles with women for the sake of his own amusement, not because he has a de ep appreciation of them. His generosity towards Mira does not surpass a display of mild passions for her. There is no evidence of his ability to give more to a woman than his poetic but empty words. When Eurydice rejects the charming words of Orpheus, she demonstrates her ability to see through his external act and appreciate his true identity. Orpheus and Eurydice meet again, and this time they are alone. Orpheus tries once more to charm her, and she claims that it is not his words that she noticed about him, but his tune. She knows that his words are delightful but deceptive, and she is able to see the man who is behind the words. Eurydice perceives Orpheus not as a charmer with a captivating and quick tongue, but as a man whose beautiful music extends from a brilliant soul. Eurydice proves to be both an open minded and unselfish lover when she refuses to let Orpheus use his charms on her. In the quote previously mentioned, Eurydice reveals both her ability to see Orpheus for who he really is, and also her unwillingness to receive anything less than the real man. Accepting Orpheus’ flattery would be to relinquish hopes of truly understanding who he was, because it would mean that she didn’t believe that there was anything under the words. It would also show selfishness. Accepting his empty compliments would demonstrate a desire for him to affirm her pleasant qualities. Eurydice rejects flattery because she knows her love to be deeper. She is true to the emotions which do not allow her to be a self seeker, but force her to be willing to risk giving in to her strong feelings. The generosity that Orpheus displays once he realizes the intensity of his feelings demonstrates the truth of his and Eurydice’s love. It is her straight forward attitude and ability to see through him that makes him recognize her uniqueness. He quickly becomes aware of his love for her after he sees that she is serious about him, and now he can think of nothing but her protection. He brings her to his house at night because he wants to be assured of her safety, and he does not make even the slightest sexual advances. This is where his willingness to give of himself for her is demonstrated. His constant concern shifts from his own desires to those of Eurydice. No longer does he try to extract what he wants from the relationship, because his thoughts are more pure. Orpheus and Eurydice are true lovers because there is no force that can interrupt their commitment. A physical illustration of how deeply Orpheus has loved Eurydice is shown at the end of the film, when Orpheus transports Eurydice’s dead body from the morgue back up the hillside. Eurydice is dead and can no longer give her love to Orpheus, yet even death cannot stop him from caring for her. He watches over the lifeless body and guards it vigilantly, and soon he dies with it in his arms. It is clear that this love is unconditional, because death cannot restrain it. The truest love cannot have boundaries, because that would mean that the lovers have abandoned their emotions. Orpheus is emotionally committed to Eurydice until his death. Both Orpheus and Eurydice show a willingness to change their lives so that they can fully support one another. There love was based on profound mutual care and sincere generosity, the same characteristics that define true love. Love is valid when it is not based on self interest, but the well being and happiness of the individuals involved. The commitment to giving is the beautiful ideal that is achieved by Orpheus and Eurydice in Black Orpheus. Research Papers on "The Gift of Love" - Creative Writing EssayHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionWhere Wild and West MeetAnalysis Of A Cosmetics Advertisement19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyMind TravelThree Concepts of PsychodynamicHip-Hop is ArtThe Hockey Game

Research proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Research Proposal Example Increased sales is one of the potential benefits of customer relationship managent and results from identification and utilization of customers’ needs. Market expansion and higher profit margins are other benefits that organizations may reap from implementing customer relationship management. In addition, developing an understanding of customers’ needs ensures utility among the customers, a factor that also ensures customer retention and even marketing through customers’ testimonies. Customer relationship management also has an ultimate effect of decreasing an organization’s sales and other marketing expenses (Chaturvedi 2009, p. 5). Different approaches and techniques, however, exist that determine banks’ application of customer relationship management and may be a factor to the current trend in application of the management approach in the financing sector and establish a difference in application of customer relationship management by different t ypes of players in the sector (Rai and Singh 2012, n.p.). The study focuses on the current trend among banks and micro-finance institutions in the United Kingdom. Customer relationship management offers numerous advantages towards competitive advantage, should an organization implement it. This study seeks to investigate the use of the management towards these benefits with the aim of identifying possible inefficient application and creating awareness among the target organizations towars higher competitiveness and customer utility. Identifying trend in application of the managent and comparing this with trends in applicable technologies for customer relationship management will help inform the target population of necessary changes in the applications. In addition, understanding applications of customer relationship management, as applied by banks and other micro-finance organizations, will help in integrating techniques in the management branch, and

Paraphrasing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 36

Paraphrasing - Essay Example The version of the poem that was created first was heavily worded and very emotional, the second version expressed emotions in limited number of words. In the first version the poet quite clearly defines his mother and her piano and then talks about the singing female. On the other hand, in the second version, the poet only talks about the female singing and reduces the mentioning of his mother. The difference between the two versions is that in the first version the poet explicitly talks of both his mother and the singing women and in the second version he only focuses on the singing lady which talks about his mother in a metaphorical manner (L, 1). The second version is better than the first one because it allows the reader to explore and identify that the poet is referring to his mother. The second version lacks unnecessary details about the mother and a simple line used by the poet in which he states that a mother is smiling at her child while she is singing is enough to identify that the author is talking about his own mother (L, 4). Another issue with the second version is the amount of unnecessary descriptive words used by t he author such as winning and living (L, 9). The first version is full of sentimental words that the author uses to depict his feelings and association with his mother. The second version lacks these unnecessary details and the second version comprises of few descriptions that allow the reader to explore. For example the poet talks about spending time at home during evening time on a Sunday (L, 7). This allows the readers to connect their own Sunday evenings with the evenings of the poet. Similar style of writing has been used by the poet to conclude the second version of the poem. For example the author states that he cries when he thinks of the past (L, 12). This again allows the readers to connect with the feelings of the poet as they even feel

Paraphrase Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Paraphrase - Coursework Example Comment. The word internet starts with capital â€Å"I†, in addition it is not grammatically correct to say â€Å"internet has assured people†. This is because internet is not a living thing. The APA in text citation is correct. Response. People, who actually believe that the Internet can really take them anywhere, are actually just deceiving themselves. As the maximum the internet can take someone is only within the virtual world, instead of the real world. Consequently, people are growing apart from one another due to the Internet which has deceived them. This is a great job. I like your response; this is because some people waste so much time on the internet without doing any meaningful work. Your APA in text citation is also great. However, your paraphrase seems not to relate to the author’s idea. This is because the author wanted to show that internet exposes people to a lot of opportunities. However, not everyone ends up making a good living from the internet. The grammar is good. There is a logical flow of ideas. There is subject- predicate agreement and proper linking devices. The paper has proper punctuation. The format used in the paper is in accordance with the APA format sixth edition. This type of format ascertains that, there must be a comma between the surname of the author and the year. For example (Leili,

How Music Effects Emotions On People Psychology Essay

How Music Effects Emotions On People Psychology Essay I made a decision to pick up music on the day that I found out how amazing music was. I sat into a band practice where they played a piece called Fire Dance. Ironically, when the band started playing, I had a brief scene of a calm ocean, with ripples of waves coming towards me. As the band continued, and as the music got louder, faster and more intense, I experienced fierce and powerful ocean waves crashing down on each other. This is possibly due to the clashing of cymbals that always happen right after the band reaches the peak of its crescendo. I use the term experienced because I not only had an image of it, but I also became engulfed by emotions that had so suddenly sprung out from nowhere. The most expressive words that I can use for the emotions I had felt from the music and image are grace, power and majesty. I was so overwhelmed by the majesty of the music that I cried a few tears and I had slight breathing difficulties because my chest had felt tight. This was all new to me . I had no prior music training and neither did the music trigger any past memories. I had finally understood why people become musicians. I glanced around after the band finished playing, and realised that I was the only one who was affected by the music. I was somewhat embarrassed by my reaction. So far, this is my most vivid and interesting experience brought to me by music. There are two positions on how music effects emotions on us. One is the cognitivist view which supports music as appearing to evoke emotions, the brain acknowledges the emotions in the music, but the listener does not experience any actual emotions (Thompson,2009). The other is the emotivist view which supports the idea of emotions being induced by music, and these emotions are felt, which is observed by physiological arousals (Storr, 1992). Music presents emotions through the characteristics of music (such as musical contour, tempo and modality). These characteristics mould the type of emotions experienced by the listener (Kivy,1980,Thompson). One theory suggests music as a language, where various emotions are brought across by different types of musical intervals. For example, an augmented fourth expresses distress, while a major third can express happiness (Cooke, 1959)/(Thompson, 2009). Upon hearing the sounds, the brain interprets it as music, and evaluates or appraises the music to create physiological responses (Zajonc, 1980, Thompson). The arousal of the autonomic nervous system is the response of an animal to an environmental stimulus. This includes changes in breathing rate, heart rate and blood pressure. Since this similar response may also be observed after an exercise, they do not necessarily represent an emotional response. Therefore, cognitive processing is required to link arousal with music, in order to form an emotional experience (Mandler, 1984, Thompson). It is to be noted that this point of view incorporates cognitive reasoning into the emotivist position, but do not support the cognitivist position. Humans have an innate arousal response to unexpected occurrence of events. According to Mandler, composers have the ability to generate increases in arousal by manipulating the expectancy of the listeners, and this ability differentiates music from other stimuli (Mandler, in Thompson, 2009). The expectancy theory explains that deviation of music from the expectations of the listener creates tension/arousal, which is, as discussed above, emotion. Music preference is related to the degree of arousal. It is found that a balanced/moderate degree of incongruity is most preferred, as high incongruity makes the music confusing and unpleasant, and no incongruity makes the music predictable and boring. In other words, deviation from expectancy is directly correlated to degree of arousal, and music of moderate levels of incongruity is considered most pleasant (Berlyne, in Thompson, 2009). These perceived sound patterns (music characteristics/incongruity) of music are experienced by emotions (M eyer, 1956). Experiments have proven emotions are induced by music. Sloboda (1991) conducted a survey on music and physical responses. The results show that many people experience emotions when they listen to music, and some of the emotions experienced include shivers, laughter, tears, racing heart, sweating (Thompson, 2009). A blind experiment was conducted by Rickard, Nikki (2004) to investigate the presence of a difference in physiological arousal between more and less emotionally powerful music (EPM). 21 healthy participants (12 males, 9 females) with varying ages (mean of 25.5years, standard deviation of 8.48) were given music treatments of 3 experimenter-chosen music treatments, and 1 EPM of the individuals choice. The individuals EPM was open to any music genre, but was standardised to a limited duration of 5 to 10 minutes. The other 3 fixed music treatments were: relaxing music, arousing music and a non-musical film scene that will induce intense emotions. Each individuals gender, personality and level of musical experience was noted, but was found that none of these factors produced any significant contribution that can change the level of physiological arousal (Rickard, 2004). Tests were done before and after administering each music treatment, by using saliva sampling, questionnaires, event recorder and sensor electrodes attached to the body to measure various physiological responses. This was to test for hormone (cortisol) production levels, skin temperature and conductance, heart rate, chills and muscle tension (Rickard, 2004). The results taken from the skin conductance and number of chills per minute displayed a very significant increase in arousal for the EPM. It also shows that EPM produces very high levels of physiological arousal, and less EPM produced less arousal. No meaningful conclusions could be found from the other recorded data due to the presence of high variability of results (Rickard, 2004). Studies of Music on Heart Rate Other studies have also found that heart rate, breathing rate, skin conductance are all affected by musical stimulus. Heart rate increases when people are exposed to music with fast tempos and rhythm, loud volume, or any other type of music that stimulates the auditory nerves; and slow tempos and rhythm, smooth melodic harmonies, depressing, sedative and relaxing music will decrease heart rate (Bartlett,1996). Studies of Music on Skin Conductance Producing similar results to Rickards experiment, 4 studies on skin conductance have produced a positive relationship between the change of skin conductivity, and enjoyment (liking) of the music (Bartlett, 1996). However, one experiment found no change in skin conductivity when the subject was indifferent to the type of musical stimulus administered (Davis, 1934). Studies of Music on Respiration Rate One study found an increase in breathing depth/amplitude when there is a greater liking for the music as well as an increase of the music volume (Ries, 1969). Another study tested on pre-mature infants showed an increase in respiration rate with stimulative music, and decrease with sedative music (Lorch et al, 1994). The majority of these studies shows support for the emotivist position. Rickards experiment should be showing positive relationships in all tested areas. A larger group of subjects should be tested on in order to reduce the variability of results. In relation to Rickards experiment and my experience, my EPM would be the Fire Dance piece, and i stand to support the emotivist position as i had exhibited high levels of physiological arousals. Although Rickards experiment was unable to conclude the results of respiratory rate, other studies of respiratory rate (by Ries and Lorch et al) have shown a positive correlation with stimulative music. Although tears were not one of the arousal tested in Rickards experiment, Slobodas survey explains that it is also a type of physiological arousal from EPM. Rickards 4th treatment of administering the subjects own EPM, the study on respiration rate (Ries) and studies on skin conductance all show positive influence of subjective music on the extent of physiological arousal. A common example of the subjectivity of music preference is an event where one individual is highly aroused by a piece of music, but another who had listened to the same music is unaffected (Addis, 1999). However, the skin conductance test (by Davis, 1934) done with subjects who had no particular liking or dislike for the music that was played to them (not stimulating enough), did not produce any significant changes in physiological arousal (related to expectancy theory). This can help explain the reason i found myself the only one affected in the band room that day. To extend our understanding of why in my experience, the music was able to induce beyond emotions, we can first investigate on how common/rare that this kind of experience takes place by conducting surveys on the public. Some interesting survey questions would be: Have you ever experience images coming into your mind when you listen to music?, Are these images related to your past experiences or do they have no relation at all?, one would think that it would be more common and easier for music to access into our episodic memory and draw out a past experience, but what if random images that come purely from the music itself are actually more common? Is one even more common than another? Another idea would be to conduct an experiment that has 2 aims. The first is to observe any relationship between the extent of how emotionally powerful the music is, and images that are brought to them by the music (if any). The second aim is to investigate if music training actually conforms the types of images seen because of the characteristics of music, and this is done by comparing if those with no musical training would experience images that are not related to what the composer is trying to create, more often than their musically trained counterparts . I suggest that this experiment to be done on two separate groups of participants, the musically trained and those with no musical training. The experiment could be done by choosing subjects who have the same character (e.g. introvert or extrovert) so that the music played to them would be emotionally powerful. It has been found that people of similar character like similar music. Subjects chosen should also come from a range of ages (e.g. from 20-60 years old) so that any relationship found would not be limited to one type of generation. Since we have already chosen the subjects according to a certain character, the music that we chose should have different complexities, to cater to different individual EPM (between each individual, and also for those with musical training background) according to Berlynes inverted U shaped preference-complexity graph (Thompson, 2009). In order for us to find out which music played is the most emotionally powerful to each individual, we can test for the extent of physiological arousal (similar to Rickards experiment). The more emotionally powerful the music is, the greater the physiological arousal. For example, the experiment is done on subjects who are introverts whose favourite genre is classical music. The treatment would be a range of classical music from different composers, and with different complexities. The first treatment given should be the least complex and progresses as the next music is played. The experiment conducted must be a blind experiment, i.e. subjects do not have prior knowledge to the aim of the experiment. After presenting each music, subjects would have to answer questions such as How much do you like the music (selecting from a range of 0-10)?, How did you feel when you listen to the music? and Did any images come to your mind? What images did you see? . We can declare the experiment successful, if the results are able to show a pattern where the more emotionally powerful the music, the higher chances of seeing images. Or if we discover that music training do limit musicians ability to experience a variety of images (or even emotions) created as a res ult of certain characteristics of music that had been taught to create a certain scene. This experiment would probably need to be done on a great number of subjects since it is not common for music to produce images in our minds. In a nutshell, music is interpreted in the brain, and the evaluation and appraisal creates emotions by physiological arousals. Different emotions are induced by the discernment of varying sound patterns. The emotivist position is being supported by results from the various research as well as my experience. However, my experience went beyond mere emotions into images produced by music. Future research could be done to better understand how this is caused.

Philosophy and Contemporary Science :: Philosophical Essays

Philosophy and Contemporary Science ABSTRACT: This paper is concerned with some of the differences between philosophy and contemporary science, and with the significance of these differences for the question of the nature of philosophy. Differences of particular interest here are ones that tend to be concealed and ignored through the influence of the professionalist attitudes of contemporary science, an influence that manifests itself in the prevailing normative attitude to the vocabularies and linguistic practices of professional philosophy. It is argued that this normative attitude is questionable in the light of a feature that we take to be essential to philosophy: always being open to the question of its own nature and task. A traditional, and still common, view of the difference between philosophy and the 'special' sciences is based upon the dichotomies universal/particular or general/special. It is said that philosophy deals with the general issues concerning some subject matter while the special sciences take care of the more specific issues. Chemistry concerns itself with properties of various chemical compounds and physics with forces and the motion of bodies, while philosophy deals with the general nature of matter, general questions of causality, determinism, etc. Linguistics deals with special, empirical questions about the nature of language, while philosophy is supposed to discover the general principles that govern all language. The ontological question about 'what there is' in the world, is, in Quine's words, "a shared concern of philosophy and most other non-fiction genres." (1) It is the use of more general or broader categories, such as, for instance, physical objects or classes, that distinguishes the ontological philosopher's interest in what there is from the scientist's. This 'synoptic view' of philosophy, as Moritz Schlick called it, usually also involves the view of philosophy as a science. (2) As physics studies the specific structure of matter, so philosophy studies its general nature. Quine says, for instance, that "Philosophy ... as an effort to get clearer on things, is not to be distinguished in essential points of purpose and method from good or bad science." (3) Like the special sciences, philosophy is also a science, only one of a more general character. But Quine's philosophy represents only one, naturalistic, version of this synoptic view of the nature of philosophy. There are others, both within and outside the analytic tradition. And there is a great deal to be said about the difference between these philosophies, for instance, that the ones in the Kantian tradition are more oriented towards discovering the general conditions of human knowledge and experience, and have less to say about the general nature of reality.